I Kings 18: A Clash of Kingdoms on Mount Carmel

I Kings 18 Scripture
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1

And it came to pass after many days, that the word of the Lord came to Elijah in the third year, saying, Go, shew thyself unto Ahab; and I will send rain upon the earth.

2

And Elijah went to shew himself unto Ahab. And there was a sore famine in Samaria.

3

And Ahab called Obadiah, which was the governor of his house. (Now Obadiah feared the Lord greatly:

4

For it was so, when Jezebel cut off the prophets of the Lord, that Obadiah took an hundred prophets, and hid them by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water.)

5

And Ahab said unto Obadiah, Go into the land, unto all fountains of water, and unto all brooks: peradventure we may find grass to save the horses and mules alive, that we lose not all the beasts.

6

So they divided the land between them to pass throughout it: Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself.

7

And as Obadiah was in the way, behold, Elijah met him: and he knew him, and fell on his face, and said, Art thou that my lord Elijah?

8

And he answered him, I am: go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here.

9

And he said, What have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me?

10

As the Lord thy God liveth, there is no nation or kingdom, whither my lord hath not sent to seek thee: and when they said, He is not there; he took an oath of the kingdom and nation, that they found thee not.

11

And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here.

12

And it shall come to pass, as soon as I am gone from thee, that the Spirit of the Lord shall carry thee whither I know not; and so when I come and tell Ahab, and he cannot find thee, he shall slay me: but I thy servant fear the Lord from my youth.

13

Was it not told my lord what I did when Jezebel slew the prophets of the Lord, how I hid an hundred men of the Lord’s prophets by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water?

14

And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here: and he shall slay me.

15

And Elijah said, As the Lord of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, I will surely shew myself unto him to day.

16

So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him: and Ahab went to meet Elijah.

17

And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto him, Art thou he that troubleth Israel?

18

And he answered, I have not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy father’s house, in that ye have forsaken the commandments of the Lord, and thou hast followed Baalim.

19

Now therefore send, and gather to me all Israel unto mount Carmel, and the prophets of Baal four hundred and fifty, and the prophets of the groves four hundred, which eat at Jezebel’s table.

20

So Ahab sent unto all the children of Israel, and gathered the prophets together unto mount Carmel.

21

And Elijah came unto all the people, and said, How long halt ye between two opinions? if the Lord be God, follow him: but if Baal, then follow him. And the people answered him not a word.

22

Then said Elijah unto the people, I, even I only, remain a prophet of the Lord; but Baal’s prophets are four hundred and fifty men.

23

Let them therefore give us two bullocks; and let them choose one bullock for themselves, and cut it in pieces, and lay it on wood, and put no fire under: and I will dress the other bullock, and lay it on wood, and put no fire under:

24

And call ye on the name of your gods, and I will call on the name of the Lord: and the God that answereth by fire, let him be God. And all the people answered and said, It is well spoken.

25

And Elijah said unto the prophets of Baal, Choose you one bullock for yourselves, and dress it first; for ye are many; and call on the name of your gods, but put no fire under.

26

And they took the bullock which was given them, and they dressed it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, saying, O Baal, hear us. But there was no voice, nor any that answered. And they leaped upon the altar which was made.

27

And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said, Cry aloud: for he is a god; either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth, and must be awaked.

28

And they cried aloud, and cut themselves after their manner with knives and lancets, till the blood gushed out upon them.

29

And it came to pass, when midday was past, and they prophesied until the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that there was neither voice, nor any to answer, nor any that regarded.

30

And Elijah said unto all the people, Come near unto me. And all the people came near unto him. And he repaired the altar of the Lord that was broken down.

31

And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the Lord came, saying, Israel shall be thy name:

32

And with the stones he built an altar in the name of the Lord: and he made a trench about the altar, as great as would contain two measures of seed.

33

And he put the wood in order, and cut the bullock in pieces, and laid him on the wood, and said, Fill four barrels with water, and pour it on the burnt sacrifice, and on the wood.

34

And he said, Do it the second time. And they did it the second time. And he said, Do it the third time. And they did it the third time.

35

And the water ran round about the altar; and he filled the trench also with water.

36

And it came to pass at the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that Elijah the prophet came near, and said, Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known this day that thou art God in Israel, and that I am thy servant, and that I have done all these things at thy word.

37

Hear me, O Lord, hear me, that this people may know that thou art the Lord God, and that thou hast turned their heart back again.

38

Then the fire of the Lord fell, and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench.

39

And when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces: and they said, The Lord, he is the God; the Lord, he is the God.

40

And Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not one of them escape. And they took them: and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, and slew them there.

41

And Elijah said unto Ahab, Get thee up, eat and drink; for there is a sound of abundance of rain.

42

So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; and he cast himself down upon the earth, and put his face between his knees,

43

And said to his servant, Go up now, look toward the sea. And he went up, and looked, and said, There is nothing. And he said, Go again seven times.

44

And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said, Behold, there ariseth a little cloud out of the sea, like a man’s hand. And he said, Go up, say unto Ahab, Prepare thy chariot, and get thee down, that the rain stop thee not.

45

And it came to pass in the mean while, that the heaven was black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel.

46

And the hand of the Lord was on Elijah; and he girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel.

I Kings 18 Commentary
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I Kings 18 marks a pivotal moment in Israel's history, a dramatic showdown between the prophet Elijah and the prophets of Baal. This chapter is not just a historical account; it's a powerful illustration of spiritual warfare, the consequences of idolatry, and the unwavering faithfulness of God. Let's delve into the details of this captivating narrative.

Elijah's Return and Encounter with Obadiah (I Kings 18:1-16)

After a prolonged drought, the word of the Lord came to Elijah, instructing him to present himself to Ahab, the king of Israel. God promised to send rain upon the land (I Kings 18:1). On his way to meet Ahab, Elijah encountered Obadiah, a God-fearing man who served as the manager of Ahab's palace (I Kings 18:2-3).

Obadiah, like Joseph, Daniel, and Nehemiah, held a position of influence in the court of an ungodly ruler. However, Obadiah faced a particularly dangerous situation. Queen Jezebel had been systematically murdering the prophets of the Lord (I Kings 18:4). Obadiah, in secret, had bravely hidden a hundred prophets in caves, providing them with food and water.

This act of courage and faith highlights a crucial point: even in the darkest of times, God has faithful servants working behind the scenes. Obadiah's story reminds us that we can serve God even in difficult circumstances.

The meeting between Elijah and Obadiah was fraught with tension. Ahab, desperate to find pasture for his livestock, had sent Obadiah to search the land (I Kings 18:5-6). Elijah instructed Obadiah to inform Ahab of his return. Obadiah was understandably fearful, worried that Ahab, who had been relentlessly searching for Elijah, would kill him if Elijah failed to appear (I Kings 18:9-14). Elijah, however, reassured Obadiah, guaranteeing that he would meet with Ahab (I Kings 18:15).

Confrontation with Ahab and the Challenge on Mount Carmel (I Kings 18:17-24)

When Elijah and Ahab finally met, Ahab immediately accused Elijah of being the troubler of Israel (I Kings 18:17). Ahab blamed Elijah for the drought, conveniently ignoring his own and his people’s idolatry.

Elijah, however, boldly countered Ahab's accusation. He declared that Ahab and his father's house were the true troublers of Israel, because they had forsaken the commandments of the Lord and followed Baal (I Kings 18:18).

Then, Elijah issued a challenge: to gather all of Israel, along with the 450 prophets of Baal and the 400 prophets of Asherah, on Mount Carmel (I Kings 18:19). This was a direct challenge to the religious system Ahab and Jezebel had established, where idolatry was integrated into the very fabric of Israelite society. The sheer number of false prophets—850 in total—demonstrates the extent to which Jezebel had plunged Israel into idolatry.

Elijah's challenge set the stage for a dramatic confrontation. He proposed a test to determine who the true God was: each side would prepare a bull for sacrifice, and the god who answered with fire would be declared the true God (I Kings 18:24).

The People's Indecision and Elijah's Plea (I Kings 18:20-21)

Ahab accepted Elijah’s challenge and gathered the people and the prophets on Mount Carmel. Elijah then confronted the people, asking, "How long will you waver between two opinions? If the LORD is God, follow him; but if Baal, follow him" (I Kings 18:21).

Elijah's question exposed the spiritual apathy and indecision of the Israelites. They were attempting to serve both God and Baal, a spiritual impossibility. James 4:8 speaks to this same issue, highlighting the impossibility of being double-minded in spiritual matters.

The people's silence was deafening. They were unable to commit to either the Lord or Baal. Their silence revealed their lack of conviction and their spiritual confusion. It was time for them to choose. There is no neutrality when it comes to the true God and His demand for exclusive worship (see Matthew 12:30).

The Futility of Baal Worship (I Kings 18:25-29)

The prophets of Baal went first. They prepared their sacrifice and called on Baal from morning until noon, but there was no response (I Kings 18:26). They danced around the altar, hoping to provoke their god to act. As the day wore on, they became increasingly desperate, even cutting themselves with swords and lances until blood flowed (I Kings 18:28). Yet, despite their frantic efforts, "there was no voice; no one answered, no one paid attention" (I Kings 18:29).

This scene vividly illustrates the futility of idolatry. Those who trust in anything or anyone besides the true God will ultimately be disappointed.

Elijah's Bold Prayer and God's Fiery Response (I Kings 18:30-39)

After the Baal prophets' failed attempt, Elijah called the people to come near to him. He repaired the altar of the Lord, using twelve stones to represent the twelve tribes of Israel (I Kings 18:30-31). This act was a symbolic reminder that despite the division within the nation, they were still one people under God.

Elijah then prepared the sacrifice, adding a significant challenge. He ordered that water be poured over the offering and the wood, not once, but three times, until the trench around the altar was overflowing (I Kings 18:32-35). This seemingly irrational act made it impossible for the fire to be started by any human means.

Then, Elijah prayed. His prayer was not long or elaborate, but it was powerful and focused. He asked God to demonstrate His power so that the people would know that He is the Lord, and that Elijah was His servant (I Kings 18:36-37). He prayed for God to be glorified and for his people to be edified.

God's response was immediate and dramatic. "Then the fire of the LORD fell and consumed the burnt offering and the wood and the stones and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench" (I Kings 18:38).

The people, witnessing this undeniable display of divine power, fell on their faces and confessed, "The LORD, he is God! The LORD, he is God!" (I Kings 18:39). The supernatural had invaded the natural world, demonstrating God's power and authority.

The Execution of the Baal Prophets and the Return of Rain (I Kings 18:40-46)

With the Lord's victory established, Elijah commanded the people to seize the prophets of Baal. They were brought down to the Kishon Valley and executed (I Kings 18:40). This act was a necessary judgment against those who had led Israel astray.

Finally, Elijah announced to Ahab that the sound of abundance of rain was coming (I Kings 18:41). While Ahab went off to eat and drink, Elijah went to the top of Carmel, bowed down to the ground, and put his face between his knees, interceding for rain (I Kings 18:42). He sent his servant to look toward the sea, and after seven attempts, the servant reported seeing a small cloud rising from the sea (I Kings 18:43-44).

Elijah then instructed Ahab to prepare his chariot and go down before the rain stopped him (I Kings 18:44). The heavens grew black with clouds, the wind picked up, and a heavy rain began to fall (I Kings 18:45).

Elijah, empowered by the Lord, outran Ahab's chariot all the way to Jezreel (I Kings 18:46). This supernatural strength was a further demonstration of God's favor and power.

Lessons from I Kings 18

I Kings 18 is a powerful chapter filled with important lessons for us today.

  • The Importance of Choosing: We must choose whom we will serve. We cannot serve both God and the world.
  • The Futility of Idolatry: Idols, whether physical objects or worldly pursuits, will always fail to satisfy.
  • The Power of Prayer: Elijah's prayer demonstrates the power of fervent, focused prayer.
  • God's Faithfulness: God is faithful to His promises and will always vindicate those who trust in Him.
  • Courage in the Face of Opposition: Elijah's boldness in confronting Ahab and the prophets of Baal serves as an example of courage in the face of opposition.
  • The Need for Repentance: The Israelites' confession, "The LORD, he is God!" highlights the importance of repentance and turning back to God.

I Kings 18 is a reminder that the battle between good and evil is real. We must choose to stand with God, trusting in His power and faithfulness, and boldly proclaiming His truth to the world.