I Kings 7: Solomon's Temple and Palace - A Testament to Divine Provision and Human Skill

I Kings 7 Scripture
1

But Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he finished all his house.

2

He built also the house of the forest of Lebanon; the length thereof was an hundred cubits, and the breadth thereof fifty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits, upon four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars.

3

And it was covered with cedar above upon the beams, that lay on forty five pillars, fifteen in a row.

4

And there were windows in three rows, and light was against light in three ranks.

5

And all the doors and posts were square, with the windows: and light was against light in three ranks.

6

And he made a porch of pillars; the length thereof was fifty cubits, and the breadth thereof thirty cubits: and the porch was before them: and the other pillars and the thick beam were before them.

7

Then he made a porch for the throne where he might judge, even the porch of judgment: and it was covered with cedar from one side of the floor to the other.

8

And his house where he dwelt had another court within the porch, which was of the like work. Solomon made also an house for Pharaoh’s daughter, whom he had taken to wife, like unto this porch.

9

All these were of costly stones, according to the measures of hewed stones, sawed with saws, within and without, even from the foundation unto the coping, and so on the outside toward the great court.

10

And the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones, stones of ten cubits, and stones of eight cubits.

11

And above were costly stones, after the measures of hewed stones, and cedars.

12

And the great court round about was with three rows of hewed stones, and a row of cedar beams, both for the inner court of the house of the Lord, and for the porch of the house.

13

And king Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre.

14

He was a widow’s son of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in brass: and he was filled with wisdom, and understanding, and cunning to work all works in brass. And he came to king Solomon, and wrought all his work.

15

For he cast two pillars of brass, of eighteen cubits high apiece: and a line of twelve cubits did compass either of them about.

16

And he made two chapiters of molten brass, to set upon the tops of the pillars: the height of the one chapiter was five cubits, and the height of the other chapiter was five cubits:

17

And nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.

18

And he made the pillars, and two rows round about upon the one network, to cover the chapiters that were upon the top, with pomegranates: and so did he for the other chapiter.

19

And the chapiters that were upon the top of the pillars were of lily work in the porch, four cubits.

20

And the chapiters upon the two pillars had pomegranates also above, over against the belly which was by the network: and the pomegranates were two hundred in rows round about upon the other chapiter.

21

And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple: and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin: and he set up the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz.

22

And upon the top of the pillars was lily work: so was the work of the pillars finished.

23

And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.

24

And under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast.

25

It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward.

26

And it was an hand breadth thick, and the brim thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies: it contained two thousand baths.

27

And he made ten bases of brass; four cubits was the length of one base, and four cubits the breadth thereof, and three cubits the height of it.

28

And the work of the bases was on this manner: they had borders, and the borders were between the ledges:

29

And on the borders that were between the ledges were lions, oxen, and cherubims: and upon the ledges there was a base above: and beneath the lions and oxen were certain additions made of thin work.

30

And every base had four brasen wheels, and plates of brass: and the four corners thereof had undersetters: under the laver were undersetters molten, at the side of every addition.

31

And the mouth of it within the chapiter and above was a cubit: but the mouth thereof was round after the work of the base, a cubit and an half: and also upon the mouth of it were gravings with their borders, foursquare, not round.

32

And under the borders were four wheels; and the axletrees of the wheels were joined to the base: and the height of a wheel was a cubit and half a cubit.

33

And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, were all molten.

34

And there were four undersetters to the four corners of one base: and the undersetters were of the very base itself.

35

And in the top of the base was there a round compass of half a cubit high: and on the top of the base the ledges thereof and the borders thereof were of the same.

36

For on the plates of the ledges thereof, and on the borders thereof, he graved cherubims, lions, and palm trees, according to the proportion of every one, and additions round about.

37

After this manner he made the ten bases: all of them had one casting, one measure, and one size.

38

Then made he ten lavers of brass: one laver contained forty baths: and every laver was four cubits: and upon every one of the ten bases one laver.

39

And he put five bases on the right side of the house, and five on the left side of the house: and he set the sea on the right side of the house eastward over against the south.

40

And Hiram made the lavers, and the shovels, and the basons. So Hiram made an end of doing all the work that he made king Solomon for the house of the Lord:

41

The two pillars, and the two bowls of the chapiters that were on the top of the two pillars; and the two networks, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars;

42

And four hundred pomegranates for the two networks, even two rows of pomegranates for one network, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that were upon the pillars;

43

And the ten bases, and ten lavers on the bases;

44

And one sea, and twelve oxen under the sea;

45

And the pots, and the shovels, and the basons: and all these vessels, which Hiram made to king Solomon for the house of the Lord, were of bright brass.

46

In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarthan.

47

And Solomon left all the vessels unweighed, because they were exceeding many: neither was the weight of the brass found out.

48

And Solomon made all the vessels that pertained unto the house of the Lord: the altar of gold, and the table of gold, whereupon the shewbread was,

49

And the candlesticks of pure gold, five on the right side, and five on the left, before the oracle, with the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs of gold,

50

And the bowls, and the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers of pure gold; and the hinges of gold, both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, and for the doors of the house, to wit, of the temple.

51

So was ended all the work that king Solomon made for the house of the Lord. And Solomon brought in the things which David his father had dedicated; even the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, did he put among the treasures of the house of the Lord.

I Kings 7 Commentary
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I Kings 7 details the construction of Solomon's palace complex and the elaborate furnishings crafted for the temple, highlighting both the grandeur of Solomon's reign and the dedication to God's house. This chapter reveals the immense resources and artistry employed in these projects, underscoring the importance of both the earthly kingdom and the spiritual center of Israel.

Solomon's Palace: A Reflection of Royal Authority (I Kings 7:1-12)

The construction of Solomon's palace complex (I Kings 7:1) took almost twice as long as the temple itself, a period of thirteen years. This extended timeframe suggests the scale and complexity of the royal residence. The complex included several significant structures: The House of the Forest of Lebanon (I Kings 7:2), so named likely because of the extensive use of cedar from Lebanon in its construction (see I Kings 5:6), served as a prominent feature. The Hall of the Throne, also known as the Hall of Judgment (I Kings 7:7), was where Solomon rendered his judgments, emphasizing his role as the supreme authority in Israel. The inclusion of a house for Pharaoh's daughter, Solomon's wife (I Kings 7:8), provides a glimpse into Solomon's diplomatic relationships and the opulence of his court.

The author emphasizes the grandeur of the complex by reiterating the costly materials used in its construction (I Kings 7:9-11). Like the Lord’s temple, Solomon spared no expense in building his palace. The use of precisely cut stones "according to measure, sawed with saws, inside and out" (I Kings 7:9) further emphasizes the meticulous craftsmanship and the vast resources at Solomon's disposal.

Hiram's Bronze Work: Divine Skill in Service of the Temple (I Kings 7:13-51)

Solomon enlisted a skilled craftsman named Hiram from Tyre to create the bronze furnishings for the temple (I Kings 7:13). Hiram was the son of a widow from the tribe of Naphtali and a Tyrian bronze worker. His mixed heritage and exceptional talent made him ideally suited for this task. The fact that Solomon sought Hiram's expertise suggests that his skill surpassed anything available locally.

The Pillars of Jachin and Boaz (I Kings 7:15-22)

Hiram crafted two imposing bronze pillars, each a freestanding masterpiece with ornate capitals (I Kings 7:15-17). These pillars stood at the entrance of the temple. Solomon named the right pillar Jachin, meaning "He Will Establish," and the left pillar Boaz, meaning "In Him Is Strength" (I Kings 7:21). These names served as a constant reminder of the Lord's promise to establish his people and provide them with strength. They symbolize the security and stability that God offers to those who trust in Him.

The Bronze Sea and Water Carts (I Kings 7:23-39)

Hiram also created a massive bronze basin, known as the "Sea," resting on the backs of twelve sculpted oxen (I Kings 7:23-25). This Sea held an immense amount of water, approximately eleven thousand gallons (I Kings 7:26), and was used by the priests for ritual washings (see 2 Chronicles 4:6).

In addition to the Sea, Hiram fashioned ten elaborate bronze water carts, each with wheels and movable (I Kings 7:27, 32). These carts held bronze basins (I Kings 7:38) and were used to transport water for rinsing the burnt offerings (see 2 Chronicles 4:6). The mobility of these carts allowed for flexibility in the sacrificial rituals.

An Abundance Beyond Measure (I Kings 7:40-47)

The sheer quantity of bronze used in the temple furnishings was so great that it went unmeasured (I Kings 7:40-46). The author notes that "Solomon did not weigh all the articles because there were so many; the weight of the bronze was not determined" (I Kings 7:47). This detail emphasizes the abundance of resources available during Solomon's reign and the dedication to providing the best for God's house.

Completion and Dedication (I Kings 7:48-51)

The chapter concludes with a brief summary of the gold work completed on the temple and its furnishings (I Kings 7:48-50). Once everything was in place, the temple was ready for its dedication and use in worship (I Kings 7:51). The dedication marked the culmination of years of labor and signified the establishment of a central place for worship in Israel.

Reflection

I Kings 7 demonstrates the importance of skillful craftsmanship and dedicated service in the construction of both the earthly kingdom and the house of God. The chapter also reminds us of God's promise to establish and strengthen His people, as symbolized by the pillars of Jachin and Boaz. The abundance of resources used in the temple's construction reflects God's provision and the importance of offering our best to Him. As we reflect on this chapter, may we be inspired to use our own talents and resources to serve God and build up His kingdom.