In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a thing was revealed unto Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the thing was true, but the time appointed was long: and he understood the thing, and had understanding of the vision.
In those days I Daniel was mourning three full weeks.
I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh nor wine in my mouth, neither did I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks were fulfilled.
And in the four and twentieth day of the first month, as I was by the side of the great river, which is Hiddekel;
Then I lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and behold a certain man clothed in linen, whose loins were girded with fine gold of Uphaz:
His body also was like the beryl, and his face as the appearance of lightning, and his eyes as lamps of fire, and his arms and his feet like in colour to polished brass, and the voice of his words like the voice of a multitude.
And I Daniel alone saw the vision: for the men that were with me saw not the vision; but a great quaking fell upon them, so that they fled to hide themselves.
Therefore I was left alone, and saw this great vision, and there remained no strength in me: for my comeliness was turned in me into corruption, and I retained no strength.
Yet heard I the voice of his words: and when I heard the voice of his words, then was I in a deep sleep on my face, and my face toward the ground.
And, behold, an hand touched me, which set me upon my knees and upon the palms of my hands.
And he said unto me, O Daniel, a man greatly beloved, understand the words that I speak unto thee, and stand upright: for unto thee am I now sent. And when he had spoken this word unto me, I stood trembling.
Then said he unto me, Fear not, Daniel: for from the first day that thou didst set thine heart to understand, and to chasten thyself before thy God, thy words were heard, and I am come for thy words.
But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me one and twenty days: but, lo, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me; and I remained there with the kings of Persia.
Now I am come to make thee understand what shall befall thy people in the latter days: for yet the vision is for many days.
And when he had spoken such words unto me, I set my face toward the ground, and I became dumb.
And, behold, one like the similitude of the sons of men touched my lips: then I opened my mouth, and spake, and said unto him that stood before me, O my lord, by the vision my sorrows are turned upon me, and I have retained no strength.
For how can the servant of this my lord talk with this my lord? for as for me, straightway there remained no strength in me, neither is there breath left in me.
Then there came again and touched me one like the appearance of a man, and he strengthened me,
And said, O man greatly beloved, fear not: peace be unto thee, be strong, yea, be strong. And when he had spoken unto me, I was strengthened, and said, Let my lord speak; for thou hast strengthened me.
Then said he, Knowest thou wherefore I come unto thee? and now will I return to fight with the prince of Persia: and when I am gone forth, lo, the prince of Grecia shall come.
But I will shew thee that which is noted in the scripture of truth: and there is none that holdeth with me in these things, but Michael your prince.
Daniel 10 provides a crucial backdrop for understanding the prophecies detailed in chapters 11 and 12, offering a glimpse into the unseen spiritual battles that influence earthly events. This chapter recounts a powerful encounter Daniel had in the third year of Cyrus, king of Persia (around 536 BC), setting the stage for the final prophetic vision in the book.
The Context: A Nation in Transition
The events of Daniel 10 unfold nearly seventy years after Daniel's initial capture in Daniel 1:1–7 (around 604 BC). While some exiles were beginning to return to Jerusalem under Cyrus' decree (Ezra 1:2–3), facing the arduous task of rebuilding their city (Ezra 3:8; 4:4–6), Daniel remained in Babylon, now under Persian rule. Whether due to age, circumstance, or a deliberate choice to continue advocating for Israel, Daniel's presence in Babylon highlights his unwavering commitment to his people.
A Time of Mourning and Seeking God
Daniel 10:2-3 describes Daniel in a period of mourning and fasting for three full weeks. While the specific reason for this period of intense seeking is not explicitly stated, many believe it was prompted by a vision of significant conflict. This act of dedication reveals Daniel's sensitivity to the spiritual realm and his reliance on God for understanding. It's a reminder that encountering God often requires intentionality and a willingness to set aside worldly distractions.
A Vision by the Tigris: An Encounter with the Divine
While standing near the Tigris River, Daniel experiences a vision of a celestial being that leaves him profoundly shaken (Daniel 10:4-9). The being is described in radiant terms: clothed in linen and gold, with a face and limbs that shone brilliantly, and a voice like the roar of a crowd. Some scholars see parallels between this description and that of Jesus in Revelation 1:13–16, suggesting a possible pre-incarnate appearance of Christ. However, the angel's subsequent explanation of being delayed by a spiritual power points to him being a high-ranking angel, possibly Gabriel, who often delivers messages from the Lord (Daniel 8:15–16; 9:21–22; Luke 1:26).
The impact of this encounter is powerful. Only Daniel perceives the vision; those with him sense a supernatural presence and flee in terror. Daniel, overwhelmed by the experience, collapses. This underscores the weight and awe-inspiring nature of encountering God's messengers.
Unveiling the Unseen: Spiritual Warfare
Daniel 10:10-14 offers a rare glimpse into the reality of spiritual warfare. The angel reveals that his arrival was delayed for twenty-one days – precisely the duration of Daniel's fast – due to opposition from "the prince of the kingdom of Persia." This "prince" is understood to be a demonic entity exerting influence over the nation of Persia, part of Satan's kingdom that Scripture frequently says exercises a level of control and rule in this fallen world (2 Corinthians 4:4; Ephesians 2:2; 1 John 5:19).
The angel was only able to break through this opposition with the assistance of Michael, described as "one of the chief princes" (Daniel 10:13) and an "archangel" (Jude 1:9). This highlights the intense struggle taking place in the spiritual realm, a battle between good and evil that has direct consequences on earthly affairs. It's a powerful reminder that our prayers are not simply internal exercises, but active participation in this cosmic conflict.
Encouragement and Revelation: Preparing for the Future
Despite his initial distress, Daniel is repeatedly strengthened and encouraged by the angel's touch and words (Daniel 10:10-19). He is called "greatly loved" (Daniel 9:23), and assured that the purpose of the visit is to reveal the truth contained in the "book of truth" – not a literal book, but a representation of God's perfect and comprehensive knowledge (Psalm 56:8; 139:16; 2 Samuel 7:28; Numbers 23:19).
The angel prepares Daniel to receive the intense revelation that follows in chapters 11 and 12. This emphasizes the importance of being grounded in faith and prayer when seeking to understand God's plans. The angel's reassurance and strengthening touch serve as a reminder of God's constant presence and support, even in the face of overwhelming circumstances.
The Ongoing Battle: Persia and Greece
Even after delivering the initial message, the angel indicates that the spiritual battle is far from over (Daniel 10:20-21). He must return to fight against the prince of Persia, and anticipates the rise of the prince of Greece. This underscores the continuous nature of spiritual warfare and the constant vigilance required of believers. We must be prepared to wage war in the spiritual realm (Ephesians 6:10-18).
Daniel 10 serves as a vital reminder that there is more to reality than what we can see. It reveals the unseen forces at play in the world, the power of prayer, and the unwavering faithfulness of God in the midst of spiritual battles. It encourages us to seek God with intentionality, to be sensitive to the spiritual realm, and to rely on His strength as we navigate the challenges of life.
In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a thing was revealed unto Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the thing was true, but the time appointed was long: and he understood the thing, and had understanding of the vision.
In those days I Daniel was mourning three full weeks.
I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh nor wine in my mouth, neither did I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks were fulfilled.
And in the four and twentieth day of the first month, as I was by the side of the great river, which is Hiddekel;
Then I lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and behold a certain man clothed in linen, whose loins were girded with fine gold of Uphaz:
His body also was like the beryl, and his face as the appearance of lightning, and his eyes as lamps of fire, and his arms and his feet like in colour to polished brass, and the voice of his words like the voice of a multitude.
And I Daniel alone saw the vision: for the men that were with me saw not the vision; but a great quaking fell upon them, so that they fled to hide themselves.
Therefore I was left alone, and saw this great vision, and there remained no strength in me: for my comeliness was turned in me into corruption, and I retained no strength.
Yet heard I the voice of his words: and when I heard the voice of his words, then was I in a deep sleep on my face, and my face toward the ground.
And, behold, an hand touched me, which set me upon my knees and upon the palms of my hands.
And he said unto me, O Daniel, a man greatly beloved, understand the words that I speak unto thee, and stand upright: for unto thee am I now sent. And when he had spoken this word unto me, I stood trembling.
Then said he unto me, Fear not, Daniel: for from the first day that thou didst set thine heart to understand, and to chasten thyself before thy God, thy words were heard, and I am come for thy words.
But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me one and twenty days: but, lo, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me; and I remained there with the kings of Persia.
Now I am come to make thee understand what shall befall thy people in the latter days: for yet the vision is for many days.
And when he had spoken such words unto me, I set my face toward the ground, and I became dumb.
And, behold, one like the similitude of the sons of men touched my lips: then I opened my mouth, and spake, and said unto him that stood before me, O my lord, by the vision my sorrows are turned upon me, and I have retained no strength.
For how can the servant of this my lord talk with this my lord? for as for me, straightway there remained no strength in me, neither is there breath left in me.
Then there came again and touched me one like the appearance of a man, and he strengthened me,
And said, O man greatly beloved, fear not: peace be unto thee, be strong, yea, be strong. And when he had spoken unto me, I was strengthened, and said, Let my lord speak; for thou hast strengthened me.
Then said he, Knowest thou wherefore I come unto thee? and now will I return to fight with the prince of Persia: and when I am gone forth, lo, the prince of Grecia shall come.
But I will shew thee that which is noted in the scripture of truth: and there is none that holdeth with me in these things, but Michael your prince.
Daniel 10 provides a crucial backdrop for understanding the prophecies detailed in chapters 11 and 12, offering a glimpse into the unseen spiritual battles that influence earthly events. This chapter recounts a powerful encounter Daniel had in the third year of Cyrus, king of Persia (around 536 BC), setting the stage for the final prophetic vision in the book.
The Context: A Nation in Transition
The events of Daniel 10 unfold nearly seventy years after Daniel's initial capture in Daniel 1:1–7 (around 604 BC). While some exiles were beginning to return to Jerusalem under Cyrus' decree (Ezra 1:2–3), facing the arduous task of rebuilding their city (Ezra 3:8; 4:4–6), Daniel remained in Babylon, now under Persian rule. Whether due to age, circumstance, or a deliberate choice to continue advocating for Israel, Daniel's presence in Babylon highlights his unwavering commitment to his people.
A Time of Mourning and Seeking God
Daniel 10:2-3 describes Daniel in a period of mourning and fasting for three full weeks. While the specific reason for this period of intense seeking is not explicitly stated, many believe it was prompted by a vision of significant conflict. This act of dedication reveals Daniel's sensitivity to the spiritual realm and his reliance on God for understanding. It's a reminder that encountering God often requires intentionality and a willingness to set aside worldly distractions.
A Vision by the Tigris: An Encounter with the Divine
While standing near the Tigris River, Daniel experiences a vision of a celestial being that leaves him profoundly shaken (Daniel 10:4-9). The being is described in radiant terms: clothed in linen and gold, with a face and limbs that shone brilliantly, and a voice like the roar of a crowd. Some scholars see parallels between this description and that of Jesus in Revelation 1:13–16, suggesting a possible pre-incarnate appearance of Christ. However, the angel's subsequent explanation of being delayed by a spiritual power points to him being a high-ranking angel, possibly Gabriel, who often delivers messages from the Lord (Daniel 8:15–16; 9:21–22; Luke 1:26).
The impact of this encounter is powerful. Only Daniel perceives the vision; those with him sense a supernatural presence and flee in terror. Daniel, overwhelmed by the experience, collapses. This underscores the weight and awe-inspiring nature of encountering God's messengers.
Unveiling the Unseen: Spiritual Warfare
Daniel 10:10-14 offers a rare glimpse into the reality of spiritual warfare. The angel reveals that his arrival was delayed for twenty-one days – precisely the duration of Daniel's fast – due to opposition from "the prince of the kingdom of Persia." This "prince" is understood to be a demonic entity exerting influence over the nation of Persia, part of Satan's kingdom that Scripture frequently says exercises a level of control and rule in this fallen world (2 Corinthians 4:4; Ephesians 2:2; 1 John 5:19).
The angel was only able to break through this opposition with the assistance of Michael, described as "one of the chief princes" (Daniel 10:13) and an "archangel" (Jude 1:9). This highlights the intense struggle taking place in the spiritual realm, a battle between good and evil that has direct consequences on earthly affairs. It's a powerful reminder that our prayers are not simply internal exercises, but active participation in this cosmic conflict.
Encouragement and Revelation: Preparing for the Future
Despite his initial distress, Daniel is repeatedly strengthened and encouraged by the angel's touch and words (Daniel 10:10-19). He is called "greatly loved" (Daniel 9:23), and assured that the purpose of the visit is to reveal the truth contained in the "book of truth" – not a literal book, but a representation of God's perfect and comprehensive knowledge (Psalm 56:8; 139:16; 2 Samuel 7:28; Numbers 23:19).
The angel prepares Daniel to receive the intense revelation that follows in chapters 11 and 12. This emphasizes the importance of being grounded in faith and prayer when seeking to understand God's plans. The angel's reassurance and strengthening touch serve as a reminder of God's constant presence and support, even in the face of overwhelming circumstances.
The Ongoing Battle: Persia and Greece
Even after delivering the initial message, the angel indicates that the spiritual battle is far from over (Daniel 10:20-21). He must return to fight against the prince of Persia, and anticipates the rise of the prince of Greece. This underscores the continuous nature of spiritual warfare and the constant vigilance required of believers. We must be prepared to wage war in the spiritual realm (Ephesians 6:10-18).
Daniel 10 serves as a vital reminder that there is more to reality than what we can see. It reveals the unseen forces at play in the world, the power of prayer, and the unwavering faithfulness of God in the midst of spiritual battles. It encourages us to seek God with intentionality, to be sensitive to the spiritual realm, and to rely on His strength as we navigate the challenges of life.