Philemon 1: A Commentary on Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Paul, a prisoner of Jesus Christ, and Timothy our brother, unto Philemon our dearly beloved, and fellowlabourer,
And to our beloved Apphia, and Archippus our fellowsoldier, and to the church in thy house:
Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
I thank my God, making mention of thee always in my prayers,
Hearing of thy love and faith, which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus, and toward all saints;
That the communication of thy faith may become effectual by the acknowledging of every good thing which is in you in Christ Jesus.
For we have great joy and consolation in thy love, because the bowels of the saints are refreshed by thee, brother.
Wherefore, though I might be much bold in Christ to enjoin thee that which is convenient,
Yet for love’s sake I rather beseech thee, being such an one as Paul the aged, and now also a prisoner of Jesus Christ.
I beseech thee for my son Onesimus, whom I have begotten in my bonds:
Which in time past was to thee unprofitable, but now profitable to thee and to me:
Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels:
Whom I would have retained with me, that in thy stead he might have ministered unto me in the bonds of the gospel:
But without thy mind would I do nothing; that thy benefit should not be as it were of necessity, but willingly.
For perhaps he therefore departed for a season, that thou shouldest receive him for ever;
Not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more unto thee, both in the flesh, and in the Lord?
If thou count me therefore a partner, receive him as myself.
If he hath wronged thee, or oweth thee ought, put that on mine account;
I Paul have written it with mine own hand, I will repay it: albeit I do not say to thee how thou owest unto me even thine own self besides.
Yea, brother, let me have joy of thee in the Lord: refresh my bowels in the Lord.
Having confidence in thy obedience I wrote unto thee, knowing that thou wilt also do more than I say.
But withal prepare me also a lodging: for I trust that through your prayers I shall be given unto you.
There salute thee Epaphras, my fellowprisoner in Christ Jesus;
Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas, my fellowlabourers.
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen. Written from Rome to Philemon, by Onesimus a servant.
Philemon 1, the sole chapter of this brief but powerful letter, offers a profound glimpse into the transformative power of the gospel on personal relationships. Penned by the Apostle Paul during his imprisonment in Rome (likely around AD 60-62), Philemon addresses the delicate situation of Onesimus, a runaway slave who had become a Christian under Paul's ministry. This letter, co-authored with Timothy (Philemon 1:1), isn't just a private correspondence; it's a masterclass in grace, forgiveness, and reconciliation, applicable to individuals and the church as a whole. Let's delve deeper into its meaning.
Context: A Plea for Grace
The backdrop of Philemon is the Roman practice of slavery. Onesimus, a slave belonging to Philemon, a leader in the Colossian church, had run away, possibly stealing from his master (Philemon 1:18). During his time away, Onesimus encountered Paul and embraced Christianity (Philemon 1:10). Now, Paul sends Onesimus back to Philemon, not with a command, but with a heartfelt plea for forgiveness and acceptance. Onesimus himself seems to be the one entrusted to deliver this letter to his former master.
Introduction and Greeting (Philemon 1:1-3)
Paul begins by identifying himself as a "prisoner of Christ Jesus" (Philemon 1:1), immediately establishing his authority and humility. He addresses the letter not only to Philemon but also to Apphia (likely Philemon's wife), Archippus (perhaps their son or a church leader), and "the church that meets in your home" (Philemon 1:2). This inclusive address indicates that the issues of forgiveness and reconciliation are relevant to the entire Christian community. Paul's standard greeting, "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ" (Philemon 1:3), sets the tone for a message steeped in divine grace.
Thanksgiving and Commendation (Philemon 1:4-7)
Paul expresses his constant gratitude to God for Philemon's faith and love, which are evident in his actions towards "all the saints" (Philemon 1:5). He acknowledges Philemon's reputation for refreshing the hearts of believers (Philemon 1:7), highlighting his generosity and encouragement. Tony Evans points out that genuine love for Jesus Christ manifests in a tangible love for God's people, echoing 1 John 4:7-12, 20-21. This section serves not only to commend Philemon but also to prepare him for the request that follows, appealing to his already demonstrated character.
Paul's Appeal for Onesimus (Philemon 1:8-16)
Here, Paul delicately navigates a sensitive situation. While he possesses the authority to command Philemon (Philemon 1:8), he chooses to appeal to him on the basis of love (Philemon 1:9). He introduces Onesimus as "my child, whom I have begotten while in my chains" (Philemon 1:10), emphasizing their spiritual bond.
Paul cleverly uses a play on words, noting that Onesimus, whose name means "useful," was once "useless" to Philemon but is now "useful both to you and to me" (Philemon 1:11). This highlights the transformative power of Christ, turning a runaway slave into a valuable brother in faith. Paul acknowledges his desire to keep Onesimus with him, as he could be of service during Paul's imprisonment (Philemon 1:13). However, he refuses to do so without Philemon's consent (Philemon 1:14), demonstrating respect for Philemon's autonomy and desire for reconciliation.
The core of Paul's appeal lies in the request that Philemon receive Onesimus back "no longer as a slave, but better than a slave—as a dear brother" (Philemon 1:16). This radical proposition challenges the social norms of the time and underscores the leveling effect of the gospel. Regardless of social status or past offenses, all believers are equal in Christ. Paul emphasizes that Onesimus needs to return and face his past, allowing both men to grow in love and forgiveness.
Paul's Pledge and Confidence (Philemon 1:17-22)
Paul takes on the role of mediator, urging Philemon to welcome Onesimus as he would welcome Paul himself (Philemon 1:17). He offers to personally repay any debt or wrong that Onesimus may have caused (Philemon 1:18-19), mirroring Christ's sacrifice on our behalf. This act of selfless generosity underscores the depth of Paul's love for both Philemon and Onesimus. Paul reminds Philemon that Philemon owes his own conversion to him (Philemon 1:19) and asks that Philemon refresh [his] heart (Philemon 1:20), just as Philemon had refreshed the hearts of other Christians (Philemon 1:7). Paul expresses his confidence that Philemon will not only comply with his request but will even exceed his expectations (Philemon 1:21). He also expresses his hope to visit Philemon soon (Philemon 1:22).
Final Greetings (Philemon 1:23-25)
Paul concludes the letter with greetings from his fellow workers, including Epaphras, Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke (Philemon 1:23-24). He ends with a benediction, "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit" (Philemon 1:25), a common closing that emphasizes the importance of God's grace in their lives.
Implications for Today
Philemon 1 offers timeless lessons on forgiveness, reconciliation, and the transformative power of the gospel. It challenges us to:
- Embrace Forgiveness: Like Philemon, we are called to forgive those who have wronged us, extending grace and mercy as Christ has extended them to us.
- See Others as Brothers and Sisters: The gospel transcends social barriers and calls us to treat all believers with dignity and respect, regardless of their background or past.
- Be Agents of Reconciliation: Like Paul, we can play a vital role in mediating conflict and bringing about reconciliation between individuals and within the church.
- Recognize the Value of Every Believer: Just as Onesimus was transformed from a "useless" slave into a "useful" brother, we must recognize the potential and value of every believer in Christ.
This short letter is a powerful reminder that the gospel is not just a set of beliefs but a force that transforms relationships, heals wounds, and brings about reconciliation in a broken world. By embracing its message of grace and forgiveness, we can reflect the love of Christ to those around us and contribute to the building of a more just and compassionate community.
Paul, a prisoner of Jesus Christ, and Timothy our brother, unto Philemon our dearly beloved, and fellowlabourer,
And to our beloved Apphia, and Archippus our fellowsoldier, and to the church in thy house:
Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
I thank my God, making mention of thee always in my prayers,
Hearing of thy love and faith, which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus, and toward all saints;
That the communication of thy faith may become effectual by the acknowledging of every good thing which is in you in Christ Jesus.
For we have great joy and consolation in thy love, because the bowels of the saints are refreshed by thee, brother.
Wherefore, though I might be much bold in Christ to enjoin thee that which is convenient,
Yet for love’s sake I rather beseech thee, being such an one as Paul the aged, and now also a prisoner of Jesus Christ.
I beseech thee for my son Onesimus, whom I have begotten in my bonds:
Which in time past was to thee unprofitable, but now profitable to thee and to me:
Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels:
Whom I would have retained with me, that in thy stead he might have ministered unto me in the bonds of the gospel:
But without thy mind would I do nothing; that thy benefit should not be as it were of necessity, but willingly.
For perhaps he therefore departed for a season, that thou shouldest receive him for ever;
Not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more unto thee, both in the flesh, and in the Lord?
If thou count me therefore a partner, receive him as myself.
If he hath wronged thee, or oweth thee ought, put that on mine account;
I Paul have written it with mine own hand, I will repay it: albeit I do not say to thee how thou owest unto me even thine own self besides.
Yea, brother, let me have joy of thee in the Lord: refresh my bowels in the Lord.
Having confidence in thy obedience I wrote unto thee, knowing that thou wilt also do more than I say.
But withal prepare me also a lodging: for I trust that through your prayers I shall be given unto you.
There salute thee Epaphras, my fellowprisoner in Christ Jesus;
Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas, my fellowlabourers.
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen. Written from Rome to Philemon, by Onesimus a servant.
Philemon 1, the sole chapter of this brief but powerful letter, offers a profound glimpse into the transformative power of the gospel on personal relationships. Penned by the Apostle Paul during his imprisonment in Rome (likely around AD 60-62), Philemon addresses the delicate situation of Onesimus, a runaway slave who had become a Christian under Paul's ministry. This letter, co-authored with Timothy (Philemon 1:1), isn't just a private correspondence; it's a masterclass in grace, forgiveness, and reconciliation, applicable to individuals and the church as a whole. Let's delve deeper into its meaning.
Context: A Plea for Grace
The backdrop of Philemon is the Roman practice of slavery. Onesimus, a slave belonging to Philemon, a leader in the Colossian church, had run away, possibly stealing from his master (Philemon 1:18). During his time away, Onesimus encountered Paul and embraced Christianity (Philemon 1:10). Now, Paul sends Onesimus back to Philemon, not with a command, but with a heartfelt plea for forgiveness and acceptance. Onesimus himself seems to be the one entrusted to deliver this letter to his former master.
Introduction and Greeting (Philemon 1:1-3)
Paul begins by identifying himself as a "prisoner of Christ Jesus" (Philemon 1:1), immediately establishing his authority and humility. He addresses the letter not only to Philemon but also to Apphia (likely Philemon's wife), Archippus (perhaps their son or a church leader), and "the church that meets in your home" (Philemon 1:2). This inclusive address indicates that the issues of forgiveness and reconciliation are relevant to the entire Christian community. Paul's standard greeting, "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ" (Philemon 1:3), sets the tone for a message steeped in divine grace.
Thanksgiving and Commendation (Philemon 1:4-7)
Paul expresses his constant gratitude to God for Philemon's faith and love, which are evident in his actions towards "all the saints" (Philemon 1:5). He acknowledges Philemon's reputation for refreshing the hearts of believers (Philemon 1:7), highlighting his generosity and encouragement. Tony Evans points out that genuine love for Jesus Christ manifests in a tangible love for God's people, echoing 1 John 4:7-12, 20-21. This section serves not only to commend Philemon but also to prepare him for the request that follows, appealing to his already demonstrated character.
Paul's Appeal for Onesimus (Philemon 1:8-16)
Here, Paul delicately navigates a sensitive situation. While he possesses the authority to command Philemon (Philemon 1:8), he chooses to appeal to him on the basis of love (Philemon 1:9). He introduces Onesimus as "my child, whom I have begotten while in my chains" (Philemon 1:10), emphasizing their spiritual bond.
Paul cleverly uses a play on words, noting that Onesimus, whose name means "useful," was once "useless" to Philemon but is now "useful both to you and to me" (Philemon 1:11). This highlights the transformative power of Christ, turning a runaway slave into a valuable brother in faith. Paul acknowledges his desire to keep Onesimus with him, as he could be of service during Paul's imprisonment (Philemon 1:13). However, he refuses to do so without Philemon's consent (Philemon 1:14), demonstrating respect for Philemon's autonomy and desire for reconciliation.
The core of Paul's appeal lies in the request that Philemon receive Onesimus back "no longer as a slave, but better than a slave—as a dear brother" (Philemon 1:16). This radical proposition challenges the social norms of the time and underscores the leveling effect of the gospel. Regardless of social status or past offenses, all believers are equal in Christ. Paul emphasizes that Onesimus needs to return and face his past, allowing both men to grow in love and forgiveness.
Paul's Pledge and Confidence (Philemon 1:17-22)
Paul takes on the role of mediator, urging Philemon to welcome Onesimus as he would welcome Paul himself (Philemon 1:17). He offers to personally repay any debt or wrong that Onesimus may have caused (Philemon 1:18-19), mirroring Christ's sacrifice on our behalf. This act of selfless generosity underscores the depth of Paul's love for both Philemon and Onesimus. Paul reminds Philemon that Philemon owes his own conversion to him (Philemon 1:19) and asks that Philemon refresh [his] heart (Philemon 1:20), just as Philemon had refreshed the hearts of other Christians (Philemon 1:7). Paul expresses his confidence that Philemon will not only comply with his request but will even exceed his expectations (Philemon 1:21). He also expresses his hope to visit Philemon soon (Philemon 1:22).
Final Greetings (Philemon 1:23-25)
Paul concludes the letter with greetings from his fellow workers, including Epaphras, Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke (Philemon 1:23-24). He ends with a benediction, "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit" (Philemon 1:25), a common closing that emphasizes the importance of God's grace in their lives.
Implications for Today
Philemon 1 offers timeless lessons on forgiveness, reconciliation, and the transformative power of the gospel. It challenges us to:
- Embrace Forgiveness: Like Philemon, we are called to forgive those who have wronged us, extending grace and mercy as Christ has extended them to us.
- See Others as Brothers and Sisters: The gospel transcends social barriers and calls us to treat all believers with dignity and respect, regardless of their background or past.
- Be Agents of Reconciliation: Like Paul, we can play a vital role in mediating conflict and bringing about reconciliation between individuals and within the church.
- Recognize the Value of Every Believer: Just as Onesimus was transformed from a "useless" slave into a "useful" brother, we must recognize the potential and value of every believer in Christ.
This short letter is a powerful reminder that the gospel is not just a set of beliefs but a force that transforms relationships, heals wounds, and brings about reconciliation in a broken world. By embracing its message of grace and forgiveness, we can reflect the love of Christ to those around us and contribute to the building of a more just and compassionate community.